Thursday, February 16, 2017

Festivals in Manipur...

1.Yaoshang (Holi)- Festival Of Manipur Hindus:-
Yaoshang

Yaosang is a festival celebrated in Manipur for six days in spring. It’s Celebrated for five days commencing from the full moon day of Phalguna (February/March), Yaoshang is the premier festival of Manipur. The Thabal Chongba - a kind of Manipuri folk dance, where boys and girls hold hands together and sings and dance in a circle, is particularly associated with this festival. Yaoshang to Manipur is what Durga Puja is to Bengal, Diwali in north India and Bihu to Assam. 

2.Kut-Festival Of Kuki-Chin-Mizo:


Kut Festival
It is an autumn festival of the different tribes  of Kuki-Chin-Mizo groups of Manipur. The festival has been variously described at different places amongst different tribes as Chavang Kut or Khodou etc. It is a happy occasion for the villagers whose food stock is bountiful after a year of hard labour. It is observed on the 1st November every year.








3.Gang-Ngai-Festival Of Kabui Nagas:
Gang-Ngai

The Gang-Ngai Festival in Manipur is a significant festival of the Kabui Nagas. All year through, the Kabui Nagas, a particular tribal group of Manipur, It’s celebrated for five days in the month of December/January,  Gang-Ngai is an important festival of the Kabui Nagas. The festival opens with the omen taking ceremony on the first day and the rest of the days are associated with common feast, dances of old men women and of boys and girls, presentation of farewell gifts etc.

4.Cheiraoba- The Manipur New Year:

Cheiraoba
"Sajibu Cheiraoba" is the new year of the Meiteis (sanamahism religion) of Manipur. The Sajibu Cheiraoba is a traditional festival celebrated on the first day of Sajibu month April. During the festival special festive dishes are prepared which are first offered to various deities. Celebrated during the month of April, a part of the ritual entails villagers climbing the nearest hill tops in belief that it will enable them to rise to greater heights in their worldly life. 

6.Heikru Hitongba:
Heikhru- Hitongba

“Heikru Hidongba” is a socio-religious ceremony performed every year at the moat of the Sagolband Bijoy Govinda Leikai, Imphal in the month of September. Long  narrow  boats  are  used  to accommodate a large number of rowers. Idol of Lord Vishnu is installed before the commencement of the race. 

7.Ningol Chak-Kouba- A Social Festival Of Manipuris:
Ningol chakkouba


8.Lui-Ngai-Ni:

Lui-Ngai-Ni

It is a collective festival of the Nagas observed on the 15th day of February every year. This is a seed-sowing festival after which tribes belonging to the Naga group begin their cultivation. Social-gathering, songs, dances and rejoicing highlight the festivity. The annual festival also plays a great role in boosting the moral and strengthening the bond of Naga solidarity.

9.Chumpha-Festival Of Tangkhul Nagas:

Celebrated for seven days in the month of December, the Chumpha festival is a great festival of the Tangkhul Nagas. The festival is held after harvest. The last three days are devoted to social gatherings and rejoicing. Unlike other festivals, here women play a special role in the festival.

10.Christmas- Festival Of Christians:


Christmas is the greatest festival of all the Christians, observed for two days on December 24 and 25 with merriment, joy and gaiety.

And many more......!!!!


List of Manipur Tourist spots

1.Kangla:-

Kangla
The Palace of Kangla is an old palace at Imphal in Manipur. It was situated on both sides of the bank of the Imphal River. The centre of Manipur's power till 1891, the historical embodiment of Manipur Rulers and the people of Manipur, Kangla have a significant place in the heart and mind of the people of Manipur.  But now it remains only on the western side of the bank. Only the ruins remain now. Kangla means "dry land" in old Meitei.


2.Loktak Lake:-


Loktak
Loktak Lake is the largest freshwater lake in Northeast India, and is famous for the phumdis floating over it. Keibul Lamjao is the only floating national park in the world. It is located near Moirang in Manipur state, India.
From the Tourist Bunglow set a top Sendra Island, visitors get a bird's eye view of life on the Lake small islands that are actually floating weeds on which the Lake-dwellers live in the backdrop of the shimmering blue water of the Lake, labyrinthine boat routes and colourful water plants. The Sendra Tourist Home with an attached Cafeteria is an ideal tourist spot. Boating and other water sports are organised here in Takmu Water Sports Complex.

3.Keibul Lamjao National Park:-

keibul Lamjao 

The Keibul Lamjao National Park is a national park in the Bishnupur district of the state of Manipur in India. It is 40 km² in area, the only floating park in the world, located in North East India, and an integral part of Loktak Lake. Tha Lake is the last natural habitat of the Sangai (Rucervus eldii eldii) the dancing deer of Manipur. A glimpse of the deer in this unique wetland ecosystem is a must for any wildlife enthusiast. Other wildlife to mention a few are: Hog deer, Otter and a host of water fowls and migratory birds can also be sighted during November to March. The forest Department of Manipur maintains watch towers and two rest houses within the park.

4. Shaheed Minar:-

Shaheed Minar
The indomitable spirit of the patriotic Meitei and tribal martyrs, who sacrificed their lives while fighting the British in 1891, is commemorated by this tall Minar at Bir Tikendrajit Park in the heart of Imphal city.







5. Moirang:-

Moirang is a city and a municipal council in Bishnupur district in the Indian state of Manipur. It is the largest tourist town in Bishnupur District. This town is one of the main centres of early Meitei folk culture with the ancient temple of the pre-hindu deity, Lord Thangjing, situated here. In the month of May, men and women, dressed in colourful traditional costumes sing and dance in honour of the Lord at the Moirang "Lai Haraoba" which is a ritual dance festival held every year. This town also has a special place in the history of the Indian Freedom struggle. It was at Moirang that the flag of the Indian National Army was first unfurled on April 14, 1944. The INA Museum containing letters, photographs, badges of ranks and other memorabilia reminds the visitors of the noble sacrifices made by the INA under the charismatic leadership of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.

6. Khongjom War Memorial:-
Khongjom war memorial

Khongjom War Memorial, 36 kms. from Imphal on the Indo-Myanmar road is a major historical place. It was here that Major General Paona Brajabashi, one of the great warriors of Manipur proved his valor against the superior might of the invading British Army in 1891. The hillock at the foot of which he laid down his life in defence of his motherland, is reminiscent of the past heroic deeds of Manipuri warriors. A war memorial has been constructed on the top of Kheba hill; and Khongjom day is celebrated every year on 23rd April.

7. Dzuko Valley:-

Dzuko Valley


It is a very beautiful green valley and the most picturesque place in Senapati District bordering Nagaland. It is famous for its rare terrestrial lily called Dzuko Lily and the enchanting snow clad valley during January & February. The highest peak of Manipur Mount Iso is also located behind this valley.


8. Siroy Lily :-

Siroy Lily
Lilium mackliniae, the Shirui lily or Siroi lily, is a rare Indian species of plant found only in the upper reaches of the Siroi hill ranges in the Ukhrul district of Manipur, India, at an elevation of 1,730–2,590 metres (5,680–8,500 ft) above sea level. It is located near the boundary of Myanmar to the east, Shiroi village in the west, Choithar village in the south and Sihai village in the north.


9. Sadu Chiru Waterfall:-

Sadu Waterfall
Sadu Chiru Fall is more popularly known as Leimaram Fall because of its closeness to Leimaram in the Bishnupur District of Manipur. But the certified name for the waterfall is Sadu Chiru. The local name is derived from the Sadhu Chiru Hills, after which the village is also named after. It is a picturesque site famous for its perennial Water Fall in a scenic foot hill. There are three waterfall spots. This is a newly open tourist spot.









10.Manipur Zoological Garden:-

Manipur Zoological Garden at Iroisemba is only 6 kms. on the Imphal-Kangchup Road at the foot of the pine growing hillocks . Here apart from various endangered species, tourists can have an opportunity to see the graceful brow antlered deer (Sangai), one of the rarest & endangered species in the world, in sylvan surroundings.

11. War Cemetery:-

The Imphal War Cemetery is located in Imphal, the capital of the Indian state of Manipur, in Northeast India, which has an international border with upper Burma. This is commemorating the memories of the British and Indian soldiers who died during the World War II, these War Cemeteries are managed by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Serene are well maintained, the War Cemetery carries little stone markers and bronze plaques recording the sacrifice of those gallant soldiers.

12. Khwairamband Bazar/ Ima Market:-

Khwairaman Bazar is the main market of Imphal, capital of the state of Manipur in India. The main feature of this market is that all its shops are owned and operated by women. A unique all women's market, having 3,000 or more "Imas" or mothers who run the stalls. It is splited into two sections on either side of a road. Vegetables, fruits, fishes and household groceries are sold on one side and exquisite handlooms and household tools on the other.

13. Khonghampat Orchidarium:-

Khonghampat Orchidarium 10 kms. from Imphal on National Highway No. 39 is the Central Orchidarium which covers 200 acres and houses over 110 rare varieties of orchids, which include dozens of endemic species. The peak blooming season is March-April.

14. Red Hill (Lokpaching):-
Red Hill

Red Hill is a hillock about 16 kms. from Imphal on Tiddim Road (NH - 150). It is a thrilling spot where the British and the Japanese fought a fierce battle during World War II. War Veterans had constructed "India Peace Memorial" a monument in memory of Japanese soldiers who died in the battle. It is a place of pilgrimage for Japanese tourists.

15. Khongjom War Memorial:-

Khongjom War Memorial, 36 kms. from Imphal on the Indo-Myanmar road is a major historical place. It was here that Major General Paona Brajabashi, one of the great warriors of Manipur proved his valor against the superior might of the invading British Army in 1891. The hillock at the foot of which he laid down his life in defence of his motherland, is reminiscent of the past heroic deeds of Manipuri warriors. A war memorial has been constructed on the top of Kheba hill; and Khongjom day is celebrated every year on 23rd April.

16. Moreh:-

This is a busy market town on the Indo-Myanmar border, located at a distance of 110 kms. from Imphal. A commercial town and a real shopping paradise for shoppers where sundry products ranging from electronics to daily consumables are available in plenty. This place holds importance for the visiting tourists not only for being a border town but also for providing a unique opportunity to experience the different cultures, lifestyles of Myanmar through its border town at Tamu which is only 5 kms. away from here. There are ample hotels of medium range providing comfortable stay at Moreh.

Many more........!!!!


Sunday, February 12, 2017

Zeliangrong tride of North East

                  Traditional warfare techniques of the Zeliangrong of North East

By Dr Budha Kamei


      The present article is a humble attempt to delve into the traditional fighting methods of the Zeliangrong of North East. In days of yore, head hunting and animosity among the villages was a common phenomenon in the hills of Manipur. So, the defence of the village was a matter of great importance. Like the other Naga and Kuki tribes, the Zeliangrong, too, settled on the slope of the highest hills and not far from the top and occasionally a ridge, when flat enough was chosen as a village site. It is on the consideration of defence, security and health. They constructed village gate (Kairong Raang) and fortified the village with wooden palisade and Raangpan, a kind of big thorny plant. In some areas, the villages, around the forests have plants which do cause itching over the human body if the latter come into contact with the former. This is also a part of fortification of the village. Houses were constructed in rows or clusters according to convenient. Horatio Bickerstaffe Rowney says, the Zeliangrong villages are “accordingly planned for everyday defence and stockade as hill-fort.” In political organization, there is an organized force orphysical force under coercive authority to deal with the maintenance or establishment of social order within a territorial framework. Fortes and Evans-Pritchard 5 have emphasized that while in primitive states the chief has the command of organized force, in stateless societies force is not the monopoly of any particular person or class.

    Among the Zeliangrong, there is no regular force or modern time police, however, Pei (village council) maintained peace and order within the village territory by using the force of able bodied males of Khangchiu (Morung) when it is demanded. Pei as a supreme military body had command over the fighting forces of the village. It decides on wars, raids or defence of the village. The youth dormitory was controlled by the Pei. The whole fighting force was called Riphen (Ri means war, Phen, fighting). The fighting force of the village includes all males of the dormitory, but the real warfare is carried out by the Khangtan, senior members of the dormitory. They are a group of well trained and experienced warriors. The warriors met at the Ritu Kaibang/Khangtan Kaibang, the house of Khangtan, where they discuss the matters of raid/attack. After discussion, they submit their proposal to the Pei for approval. The Khangtan executes the plan. The owner of Khangtan Kaibang is a warrior who had collected at least a head of the enemy or wild animals like tiger etc. 6 For the security of the village, two Riphens are assigned to keep a vigil over the village, day and night alternately. At hours of darkness, two Riphens take the responsibility of guarding the village; the Riphens with spear and dao move up and down and across the village singing village guarding songs (Kairong Lon Lu). This song not only keeps them (Riphens) awake, but also instils a sense of security among the women, children and old people of the village. In other words, the villagers can sleep without fear. In the same way, the other Naga tribes also deploy a regular sentry at the gate and look-out platforms to watch the approach of the enemies in the village. The Morung boys are usually deployed as the sentry guard on rotation basis. The village sentry is relaxed only when there is no war or quarrel with the neighbouring villages. Riphens were not paid salary for their service. However, it is customary that during the annual festival of Gaan-Ngai the villagers always offer them special treatment in the form of offering special type of rice-beer (Joungao) and best meat chutney (Jantam) to them. Indeed, they are the real protectors/ defenders of the village from the enemy and wild animals.

         On the defence of the village, R. B. Pemberton wrote that the safety of the “village is entrusted to a number of youths selected for their superior strength and activity, who are distinguished by a blue mantle of the Khes cloths, tastefully studded with cowries, and garter of red thread bound around the calf of the leg. It is difficult to conceive a more pleasing union of manliness, grace and activity, than is exhibited by one of these safeguards, when seen standing on the very verge of some projecting rock with all the sense of conscious security.” Apart from this, Pei has also full power to intervene in any types of ill-feeling arises between two different clans and two different families in case the matter is brought to the notice of the Pei. Once the matter is placed to the knowledge of the Pei, the question of further clash is unacceptable and if any party violates this tradition, then they are to be punished by charging huge fine. Whenever, there is a crime, the Pei sent immediately able bodied persons (Riphens) to protect the victims and to stop the aggressors until a final decision on the matter of dispute is taken by the Pei.  The main traditional offensive weapons of the Zeliangrong are the spear (Bui) and dao (Bang). They also use shield of wicker work, ornamented with painted figures and dyed hairs. These shields are of great length and curved slightly across. The Zeliangrong are very expert in the use of spear and they had the faculty of aiming and throwing the weapon with fatal skill. Like most of the hill tribes, they aimed at surprising their enemies, and after throwing the spear, came to close quarters with the dao. The dao is an instrument resembling a bill hook is universal amongst all the hill tribes. It is also used to cut trees and fowls, divide meat, curve posts, and for any other kind of work. In fighting, those who do not have shields use wrapper of thick cloth folded round the abdomen several times for protection. In defending villages and roads, the Zeliangrong also use of stones and panjis or sharp-pointed bamboo sticks a few inches in length, which they stick into the ground, point upwards, at least retard any party that may start in pursuit. The main causes of inter-village feud/war were land disputes (Lamjang Agaimei), hunting in the forest of other village (Meikailamkho Shulaimei), abduction of another man’s wife (Meinou Nimjaimei) on her charming and attractiveness etc. Before the warriors set off their feet for raid/attack, the village chief (Nampou) would bless them and worship the Almighty God for the success in the mission. Nampou would wait at his house or at a place observing food taboo (Lumthengna) until the warriors return home. He would not sleep with his wife.

      According to Zeliangrong custom and tradition, the person who violated the marriage code is not permitted to participate despite his courageous and strong physique in the belief that it will give misfortune and trouble to the warriors. Similarly, the husband of a pregnant woman also is not allowed. Cowards were mocked in the presence of the girls (Tunagoihukhou). Usually, the warriors set out from the Ritu Kaibang; the Nampei, assistant of Nampou and Khangtanpou would lead the warriors. In theory, Nampou is to act as supreme commander in war. And before leaving the same place, Nampei would distribute a piece of ginger (Gu) to every warrior for safety and protection as ginger is considered to be the fingers of Haipou Mhucharakhandijungpu, divine priest of Tingkao Ragwang, the Supreme God.
                                                                                                            To be contd.....

Thursday, February 9, 2017

NDA SYLLABUS


                                                   SYLLABUS OF THE EXAMINATION




PAPER I
MATHEMATICS                                   (Maximum Marks-300)

1. ALGEBRA

Concept of set, operations on sets, Venn diagrams. De Morgan laws, Cartesian product, relation, equivalence relation. Representation of real numbers on a line. Complex numbers—basic properties, modulus, argument, cube roots of unity. Binary system of numbers. Conversion of a number in decimal system to binary system and vice-versa. Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic progressions. Quadratic equations with real coefficients. Solution of linear inequations of two variables by graphs. Permutation and Combination. Binomial theorem and its applications. Logarithms and their applications.

2. MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS :

Types of matrices, operations on matrices. Determinant of a matrix, basic properties of determinants. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix, Applications-Solution of a system of linear equations in two or three unknowns by Cramer’s rule and by Matrix Method.

3. TRIGONOMETRY :

Angles and their measures in degrees and in radians. Trigonometrical ratios. Trigonometric identities Sum and difference formulae. Multiple and Sub-multiple angles. Inverse trigonometric functions. Applications-Height and distance, properties of triangles.

4. ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY OF TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONS:

Rectangular Cartesian Coordinate system. Distance formula. Equation of a line in various forms. Angle between two lines. Distance of a point from a line. Equation of a circle in standard and in general form. Standard forms of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola. Eccentricity and axis of a conic. Point in a three dimensional space, distance between two points. Direction Cosines and direction ratios. Equation two points. Direction Cosines and direction ratios. Equation of a plane and a line in various forms. Angle between two lines and angle between two planes. Equation of a sphere.

5. DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS :

Concept of a real valued function–domain, range and graph of a function. Composite functions, one to one, onto and inverse functions. Notion of limit, Standard limits—examples. Continuity of functions—examples, algebraic operations on continuous functions. Derivative of function at a point, geometrical and physical interpretation of a derivative—applications. Derivatives of sum, product and quotient of functions, derivative of a function with respect to another function, derivative of a composite function. Second order derivatives. Increasing and decreasing functions. Application of derivatives in problems of maxima and minima.

6. INTEGRAL CALCULUS AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS :

Integration as inverse of differentiation, integration by substitution and by parts, standard integrals involving algebraic expressions, trigonometric, exponential and hyperbolic functions. Evaluation of definite integrals—determination of areas of plane regions bounded by curves—applications. Definition of order and degree of a differential equation, formation of a differential equation by examples. General and particular solution of a differential equations, solution of first order and first degree differential equations of various types—examples. Application in problems of growth and decay.

7. VECTOR ALGEBRA :

Vectors in two and three dimensions, magnitude and direction of a vector. Unit and null vectors, addition of vectors, scalar multiplication of a vector, scalar product or dot product of two vectors. Vector product or cross product of two vectors. Applications—work done by a force and moment of a force and in geometrical problems.

8. STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY :

Statistics : Classification of data, Frequency distribution, cumulative frequency distribution—examples. Graphical representation—Histogram, Pie Chart, frequency polygon—examples. Measures of Central tendency—Mean, median and mode. Variance and standard deviation—determination and comparison. Correlation and regression.

Probability : Random experiment, outcomes and associated sample space, events, mutually exclusive and exhaustive events, impossible and certain events. Union and Intersection of events. Complementary, elementary and composite events. Definition of probability—classical and statistical—examples. Elementary theorems on probability—simple problems. Conditional probability, Bayes’ theorem—simple problems. Random variable as function on a sample space. Binomial distribution, examples of random experiments giving rise to Binominal distribution.


PAPER-II GENERAL ABILITY TEST                                                                     (Maximum Marks—600)

Part ‘A’—ENGLISH (Maximum Marks—200)

The question paper in English will be designed to test the candidate’s understanding of English and workman like use of words. The syllabus covers various aspects like : Grammar and usage, vocabulary, comprehension and cohesion in extended text to test the candidate’s proficiency in English.

Part ‘B’—GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (Maximum Marks—400)

The question paper on General Knowledge will broadly cover the subjects : Physics, Chemistry, General Science, Social Studies, Geography and Current Events.

- The syllabus given below is designed to indicate the scope of these subjects included in this paper. The topics mentioned are not to be regarded as exhaustive and questions on topics of similar nature not specifically mentioned in the syllabus may also be asked. Candidate’s answers are expected to show their knowledge and intelligent understanding of the subject.

Section ‘A’ (Physics):-

Physical Properties and States of Matter, Mass, Weight, Volume, Density and Specific Gravity, Principle of Archimedes, Pressure Barometer. Motion of objects, Velocity and Acceleration, Newton’s Laws of Motion, Force and Momentum, Parallelogram of Forces, Stability and Equilibrium of bodies, Gravitation, elementary ideas of work, Power and Energy. Effects of Heat, Measurement of Temperature and Heat, change of State and Latent Heat, Modes of transference of Heat. Sound waves and their properties, Simple musical instruments. Rectilinear propagation of Light, Reflection and refraction. Spherical mirrors and Lenses, Human Eye. Natural and Artificial Magnets, Properties of a Magnet, Earth as a Magnet. Static and Current Electricity, conductors and Non-conductors, Ohm’s Law, Simple Electrical Circuits, Heating, Lighting and Magnetic effects of Current, Measurement of Electrical Power, Primary and Secondary Cells, Use of X-Rays. General Principles in the working of the following: Simple Pendulum, Simple Pulleys, Siphon, Levers, Balloon, Pumps, Hydrometer, Pressure Cooker, Thermos Flask, Gramophone, Telegraphs, Telephone, Periscope, Telescope, Microscope, Mariner’s Compass; Lightening Conductors, Safety Fuses.

Section ‘B’ (Chemistry):-

Physical and Chemical changes. Elements, Mixtures and Compounds, Symbols, Formulae and simple Chemical Equations, Law of Chemical Combination (excluding problems). Properties of Air and Water. Preparation and Properties of Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Carbondioxide, Oxidation and Reduction. Acids, bases and salts. Carbon—different forms. Fertilizers—Natural and Artificial. Material used in the preparation of substances like Soap, Glass, Ink, Paper, Cement, Paints, Safety Matches and Gun-Powder. Elementary ideas about the structure of Atom, Atomic Equivalent and Molecular Weights, Valency.

Section ‘C’ (General Science):-

Difference between the living and non-living. Basis of Life—Cells, Protoplasms and Tissues. Growth and Reproduction in Plants and Animals. Elementary knowledge of Human Body and its important organs. Common Epidemics, their causes and prevention.
Food—Source of Energy for man. Constituents of food, Balanced Diet. The Solar System—Meteors and Comets, Eclipses. Achievements of Eminent Scientists.

Section ‘D’ (History, Freedom Movement etc.):-

A broad survey of Indian History, with emphasis on Culture and Civilisation. Freedom Movement in India. Elementary study of Indian Constitution and Administration. Elementary knowledge of Five Year Plans of India. Panchayati Raj, Co-operatives and Community Development. Bhoodan, Sarvodaya, National Integration and Welfare State, Basic Teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. Forces shaping the modern world; Renaissance, Exploration and Discovery; War of American Independence. French Revolution, Industrial Revolution and Russian Revolution. Impact of Science and Technology on Society. Concept of one World, United Nations, Panchsheel, Democracy, Socialism and Communism. Role of India in the present world.

Section ‘E’ (Geography):-

The Earth, its shape and size. Lattitudes and Longitudes, Concept of time. International Date Line. Movements of Earth and their effects. Origin of Earth. Rocks and their classification; Weathering—Mechanical and Chemical, Earthquakes and Volcanoes. Ocean Currents and Tides Atmosphere and its composition; Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure, Planetary Winds, Cyclones and Anti-cyclones; Humidity; Condensation and Precipitation; Types of Climate, Major Natural regions of the World. Regional Geography of India—Climate, Natural vegetation. Mineral and Power resources; location and distribution of agricultural and Industrial activities. Important Sea ports and main sea, land and air routes of India. Main items of Imports and Exports of India.

Section ‘F’ (Current Events):-

Knowledge of Important events that have happened in India in the recent years. Current important world events. Prominent personalities—both Indian and International including those connected with cultural activities and sports.
NOTE : Out of maximum marks assigned to part ‘B’ of this paper, questions on Sections ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’, ‘D’, ‘E’ and ‘F’ will carry approximately 25%, 15%, 10%, 20%, 20% and 10% weightages respectively.

Intelligence and Personality Test:-

The SSB procedure consists of two stage Selection process - stage I and stage II. Only those candidates who clear the stage I are permitted to appear for stage II. The details are :
(a) Stage I comprises of Officer Intelligence Rating (OIR) tests are Picture Perception * Description Test (PP&DT). The candidates will be shortlisted based on combination of performance in OIR Test and PP&DT.
 (b) Stage II Comprises of Interview, Group Testing Officer Tasks, Psychology Tests and the Conference. These tests are conducted over 4 days. The details of these tests are given on the website joinindianarmy.nic.in. The personality of a candidate is assessed by three different assessors viz. The Interviewing Officer (IO), Group Testing Officer (GTO) and the Psychologist.


Wednesday, February 8, 2017

IAS SYLLABUS 2017

The Syllabus for the IAS Civil Services UPSC Prelims Examination
                                    Or CSAT Exam 2016-17:

Topics in Paper I : General Studies (200 Marks)

1.    Current Events of National & International Importance.
2.    Geography of India as well as the World: Physical, Economic and Social Aspects.
3.    Polity & Governance of India: Constitution and the Political aspects.
4.    General Science.
5.    The General Issues on Environmental Ecology, Climate Change and Bio Diversity.
6.    Economic & Social Development :  Demography, Sustainable Development, Inclusion, Social Sector Initiatives, Poverty, etc..,
7.    Indian History & Indian National Movement.

II. Topics in Paper II : General Ability or Aptitude (200 Marks)
1.    Comprehension.
2.    Logical Reasoning & Analytical Ability.
3.    General Mental Ability.
4.    Comprehension Skills English language ( 10th Standard Level).
5.    Interpersonal Skills including Communication Skills.
6.    Decision Making & Problem Solving.
7.    Basic Numeracy (Orders of Magnitude, Numbers & their Relations, etc.., of 10th Standard Level), Data Interpretation such as Charts, Tables, Graphs, Data Sufficiency, etc.., (10th Standard Level).
8.    Question based on the English Language Comprehension Skills (10th Standard Level). (The Candidates will be tested through giving questions on the Passages without providing hindi translation for those Questions).

The Syllabus for the IAS Civil Services UPSC Mains Examination 2016:
The UPSC IAS Mains Exam 2016 contains 9 Papers out of which 2 Papers are in the nature of Qualifying nature while the other 7 are based on merit Ranking. The Subjects in those Papers are described below.
S.No.
Name of the Paper.
Name of the Subject.
1.
Paper – A.
Indian Languages.
2.
Paper – B.
English.
3.
Paper – I.
Essay.
4.
Paper – II.
General Studies – I.
5.
Paper – III.
General Studies – II.
6.
Paper – IV.
General Studies – III.
7.
Paper – V.
General Studies – IV.
8.
Paper – VI.
Optional Subject (Paper – 1).
9.
Paper – VII.
Optional Subject (Paper – 2).

I. Topics in Paper I : Indian Language
The Indian Languages according to the IAS Civil Services UPSC Mains signifies the Languages which are present in the 8th Schedule to the Indian Constitution. The Script to be used by the Candidates will be based on the Language he or she selects for the Paper A of Indian Languages. The Paper A (Indian Language) in the UPSC IAS Mains is not compulsory for the Candidates who belong to the North Eastern States such as Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur, Assam, Tripura.
Topics in Indian Language (Paper – I):
1.    Comprehensive Type of Questions related to the Given Passage.
2.    Short Essay.
3.    Vocabulary & Usage.
4.    Precise Writing (in other words, making a summary).
5.    Translation from English to the Selected Indian Language and Vice Versa.


II. Topics in Paper II: English
1.    Comprehensive Type of Questions related to the Given Passage.
2.    Short Essay.
3.    Vocabulary & Usage.
4.    Precise Writing (in other words, making a summary).



III. Topics in Paper III: Essay
The Candidates are given some Topics. They have to Write Essays on those Given Topics in Brief. They Should not Deviate from the Given Topics. The Essay can be Written in the Language selected by the Candidates. The Candidates have to write the Essay in Orderly manner briefly.

IV. Topics in Paper IV: General Studies – I
1.    Indian Culture: Architecture, Literature, Art Form since the Ancient Times.
2.    Modern Indian History from the Eighteenth Century till Present Significant events & Issues.
3.    The Freedom Struggle of the Country: Different Stages and Contributions from various Parts of the Country.
4.    Post Independence: Consolidation as well as Reorganization within the Country.
5.    History of the World: Events taking place since 18th Century; Industrial Revolution, Colonization & Decolonization, etc.., Political Changes such as Capitalism, Socialism, etc.., Effects of these Changes on the Society.
6.    Indian Society, Diversity in India: Salient Features.
7.    Geography of the World & its Salient Features.
8.    The Concepts of Communalism, Secularism, Social Empowerment, Regionalism, etc..,
9.    Distribution of key Natural Resources all over the World, etc..,

V. Topics in Paper V: General Studies – II
1.    Governance.
2.    Constitution.
3.    Polity.
4.    Social Justice.
5.    Internal Relations.

VI. Topics in Paper VI: General Studies – III
1.    Technology.
2.    Economic Development.
3.    Disaster Management.
4.    Environmental.
5.    Security.
6.    Bio-Diversity.



VII. Topics in Paper V: General Studies – IV
1.    Aptitude.
2.    Ethics.
3.    Integrity.

VIII. Topics in Paper VI: Optional Subject (Paper – 1)
The Candidates have to select the Optional Subject. The Questions asked in this Paper depends on the Subject selected by the Candidate.

IX. Topics in Paper VI: Optional Subject (Paper – 2)
The Candidates have to select the Optional Subject. The Questions asked in this Paper depends on the Subject selected by the Candidate.
Optional Subjects: The Candidates have to select two subjects as Optional Subjects. The Optional Subjects are as follows.
·         Agriculture.
·         Anthropology.
·         Chemistry.
·         Commerce & Accountancy.
·         Civil Engineering.
·         Electrical Engineering.
·         Geology.
·         Law.
·         Mathematics.
·         Medical Science.
·         Physics.
·         Psychology.
·         Sociology.
·         Zoology.
·         Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science.
·         Botany.
·         Economics.
·         Geography.
·         History.
·         Management.
·         Mechanical Engineering.
·         Philosophy.
·         Political Science & International Relations.
·         Public Administration.
·         Statistics.

UPSC IAS Interview Syllabus :

You should be Confident & Honest of what you are saying.Mainly, the Personality Test will be on the aspects of Logical and Reasoning than the Subject Knowledge. There will be Questions asked about You, Your Hobbies, Your Home Town, the Current Affairs, General Knowledge, Politics, Economics, Situation Questions, etc.., The Main factors which are considered in the Personality Test are as follows.
1.    Mental Alertness.
2.    Clear & Logical Exposition.
3.    Knowledge & Interest of Current Affairs.
4.    Specificness & Depth of Interests.
5.    Leadership Skills.
6.    Critical Powers of Assimilation.
7.    Social Traits.
8.    Balance of Judgement.
9.    Ability of Social Cohesion.
10.  Intellectual & Moral Integrity.



                          Wish you all the best.......!!!!